The Script Writing of Ancient China

Ancient China is one of the places where writing appears to have developed independently, along with Mesopotamia, which developed cuneiform, and Egypt and the civilization of the Maya, where hieroglyphs developed. The earliest examples of ancient Chinese writing come from oracle bones at Anyang, a Shang Dynasty capital, and contemporary bronze inscriptions. There may have been writing on bamboo or other perishable surfaces, but they have, inevitably, disappeared. Although Christopher I. Beckwith thinks the Chinese may have been exposed to the idea of writing from Steppe nomads, the prevalent belief is that China developed writing on its own. Since the oracle bones belonging to the Shang dynasty were discovered, it is no longer doubted by sinologists that Chinese writing is an autochthonous and very ancient invention of the Chinese.... The Use of Writing in Ancient China, by Edward Erkes. Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Sep., 1941), pp. 127-130 Origins of Chinese Writing The Cambridge History of Ancient China, by Michael Loewe and Edward L. Shaughnessy, says the likely date for the earliest oracle bones is about 1200 B.C., corresponding with the reign of King Wu Ding. This speculation is based on the earliest reference to the origins of writing, which dates to the 3rd century B.C. The legend developed that a scribe of the Yellow Emperor invented writing after noticing bird tracks. [Source: Francoise Bottero, French National Center for Scientific Research Chinese Writing: Ancient Indigenous Perspective.] Scholars in the Han Dynasty thought the earliest Chinese writing was pictographic, meaning the characters are stylized representations, while the Qing thought the first writing was of numbers. Today, the earliest Chinese writing is described as pictographic (picture) or zodiographic (graph of the name of the thing), words that for non-linguists mean similar things. As the writing of the ancient Chinese evolved, a phonetic component was added to the pi ctographic, as is true of the paired writing system of the Maya. Names of the Chinese Writing Systems Ancient Chinese writing on oracle bones is called Jiaguwen, according to AncientScripts, which describes the characters as pictographic. Dazhuan is the name of the script on Bronze. It may be the same as the Jiaguwen. By 500 B.C. the angular script that characterizes modern Chinese writing had developed in the form called Xiaozhuan. Bureaucrats of the Qin Dynasty used Lishu, a script still sometimes used. Pictographs and the Rebus During the Shang Dynasty, the writing, which was pictographic, could use the same graphic to represent homophones (words with different meanings that sound the same). Writing could be in the form of what is called a rebus. The rebus example AncientSites lists is two pictures together, one of a bee, and one of a leaf, to represent the word belief. Over time, signs known as determinative symbols were added to clarify the homophones, phonetic symbols were standardized, and symbols were put together to form new words. Chinese and the Sino-Tibetan Language Family Writing and spoken language are different. Period. The cuneiform of Mesopotamia was used to write a variety of languages, including languages from the Indo-European and Afro-Asiatic families. As the Chinese conquered their neighbors, their writing was exported to neighboring countries where it was applied to the indigenous languages. This is how the Japanese came to use Kanji. The spoken language of Chinese is thought to be a member of the Sino-Tibetan language family. This connection between Chinese and Tibetan languages is made on the basis of lexical items, rather than morphology or syntax. However, the similar words are only reconstructions of Old and Middle Chinese. Ancient Chinese Writing Implements According to Erkes (above), the usual objects used in writing were a wooden stylus, to write on wood with lacquer, and the brush and ink (or some other liquid) used to write on oracle bones and other surfaces. Inscriptions also produced Chinese scripts by means of tools that removed rather than wrote on surface material. Suggested Appreciation Activities for Chinese Writing Ancient writings seem so much more artistic than modern computer-generated script or the scrawls most of us now use when we need to leave a handwritten note. To appreciate the elegance of the ancient Chinese writing system, observe and try to emulate it: Try writing letters with a brush and ink.Compare the characters in a column of Chinese writing with Japanese Kanji -- preferably for the same text (possibly something connected with their shared religion of Buddhism)Look at old Chinese characters and rewrite them, then copy them without the determinatives. (The AncientScripts site has samples to work from.)

The Global Health Care Arena Essay - 1505 Words

Introduction and Problem Rationale The global health care arena in the past three decades has been transformed by the growth in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by residents in both developed and developing countries. The increase in public interest in the use of CAM is particularly high in Western societies where conventional biomedicine has dominated the health care landscape (Bishop Lewith, 2010; Bodeker Kronenberg, 2002; Boon, 2002). CAM has become a critical component of the public health care system of many western countries, including Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Andrews Boon, 2005; Eisenberg et al., 1993; Fautrel et al., 2002; McLaughlin, Lui, Adams, 2012; Thomas, Nicholl, Coleman, 2001). Whereas there are many definitions and conceptions of CAM, the term is often used in references to medical and health practices that have different traditions, practices, and bodies of knowledge from conventional biomedicine (Adams et al., 2011; Hall, Griffiths, Mc Kenna, 2014; Reid, Steel, Wardle, Trubody, Adams, 2016). Thus, it encapsulates both indigenous health traditions of the world (for example, Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine) as well as, contemporary alternative forms of health care such as chiropractic, aromatherapy, and naturopathy. A distinct feature of these alternative forms of health care is their psychosocial paradigm of health and wellbeing (Anyinam, 1990; Bowleg, 2012). A fundamentalShow MoreRelatedDestination Interview : Destination Ranch950 Words   |  4 Pages OK, just a short drive from multiple horse event venues, equestrian schools, and equine hospitals. 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Personal Ethics Statement Free Essays

Personal Ethics Statement Jessica Dockery GEN/195 February 28, 2012 Jennifer Meunier Personal Ethics Statement To be ethical means to do the right thing and to be the best person one knows how without being judgmental of others, especially if their intentions are honorable. One should get in the habit of displaying good values and morals at all times. When thinking of a personal ethics statement, the Ten Commandments come to mind. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Ethics Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Ten Commandments state that thou shall have no other gods, no graven images or likenesses, not take the Lord’s name in vain, remember the Sabbath day, honor thy father and thy mother, thou shall not kill, thou shall not commit adultery, thou shall not steal, thou shall not bear false witness, and thou shall not covet. These things were taught and practiced even in the bible days and have been passed on from generation to generation. Although these commandments are not taken into consideration at all times, it is known that this is the way one should try living their life daily. The ethics game helped to determine the level of morals, values, and standards a person has. It also explained how one might deal or reason in certain situations. After completing the ethical lens inventory, no ethical lens was determined. This means that the preferred lens was neither periscope nor paralysis. A person that is neither periscope nor paralysis sees the gifts and weaknesses of both and is able to adapt to different situations and get the best results possible. This type of person is non judgmental and considers all things before coming to a conclusion. According to the ethical lens inventory, autonomy and equality are valued equally. Their belief is that everyone has a valid point. No blind spot was determined. The maturity of this person sees both strengths and weaknesses and is able to bring together the four core values of autonomy, equality, rationality, and sensibility. There is a downside to being able to see everyone’s perspective. This may cause confusion with one’s self. Listen to the heart, do not ignore the head, and act with confidence. Exhibiting good personal ethics is something one may want to make habit of. People are often put in situations where those morals and values must come in to play. No one wants to be a called a snitch, but sometimes one must put personal feelings aside. If a person is working alongside another coworker, and they see this coworker pocketing money from the register, the ethical thing to do would be to report this to higher management. This person is obviously untrustworthy and bad news. Everyone has a personal responsibility to ensure the safety and upkeep of their community, work environment, and school. Personal ethics, simply put, means to do the right thing. How to cite Personal Ethics Statement, Essay examples

One piece of Garlic Bread free essay sample

Growing up I always wanted to be needed. Whether it was by my mother in the kitchen, my sister in the backyard, or my dad in the basement I loved the feeling of being required by someone in order to accomplish a task. As I grew up, I found I continued to have that want to be sought after and in the summer of 2010 I had that exact opportunity. I became a necessity, a â€Å"fountain of hope† as one put it or a â€Å"servant of the lord† as another said. I had the opportunity to bring life back into a city of destruction, to bring love where there was none, and to bring hope when all was gone. After traveling sixteen hours in a fifteen passenger van I was determined to change lives, unaware it would be mine that would instead be changed forever. I was in New Orleans, a city that had looked death, destruction, and devastation in the eye and yet decided to pull together and help each other out in whatever means necessary even when many of them had nothing left to give. We will write a custom essay sample on One piece of Garlic Bread or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although it had been five years since Hurricane Katrina had tragically taken everything from the majority of the people in New Orleans, from the look of the city it could have just happened yesterday. The houses were still spray painted from the National Guard’s inspection codes of â€Å"TFW†- toxic flood water, â€Å"2 B 1 D†- two bodies, one dog, or â€Å"EO†- electricity off. The streets were dirty with paper, mud, weeds, and just about everything else imaginable- the yards overgrown, the houses deserted, the neighborhoods childless. New Orleans had lost its vibrancy, its color, its hope and its life, all of which we hoped to help restore. We came to devote an entire week solely as servants of God. We picked up trash, demolished houses, fed the homeless, cleared lots, had a carnival, gave away free clothes and much more all the while learning about faith, perseverance, hope, love, spirit, and determination. The congregation of our host church, Carver D esire continually taught us to always have hope even when no one would blame us for having none, to always have faith in God because everything that happens is part of his plan, and to always have love for ourselves and each other as in the grand scheme of the world we are all a family and all God’s children. However it was not until the sixth night of my trip, when we served dinner to the homeless in downtown New Orleans, that those lessons I had been learning all week truly hit home. I had never seen so many famished, exhausted, dirty people in one place as I did that night. They came by bike, bus, and many by their own two feet desperate for anything we could give them. Men, women, children, teenagers, old men, and babies came in tens, hundreds and thousands. From among all the people I met and stories I heard, one man exceptionally stood out: A man by the name of David. He was A tall gray-haired man, who looked like it had been weeks since his last meal. We offered him ev erything from spaghetti and meatballs, Caesar salad, cookies, punch, and bread, all of which he refused besides a tiny slice of garlic bread. â€Å"That is all I need† He said, â€Å"Save the rest for the children or for the people who really need it.† Never have I ever been so amazed, astounded, or flabbergasted than I was that moment when A man who had absolutely nothing decided to take the bare minimum when offered a full meal. He had nothing to give yet in that moment he gave everything to one more man, woman, or child who would eat that night because he refused it. When we asked him how he would make it, as it was apparent he had not eaten in weeks, he just looked up at the sky and responded, â€Å"I’ll make it through the night, I have him† and turned to leave with his single piece of garlic bread and a smile on his face. The rest of the night I continued to hear stories of hope, hard work, and faith but nothing came close to my encounter with David . I could not stop thinking about his generosity and faith in God’s plan. Although at the beginning of the week, we began as two separate churches and two separate communities in the end we became one. Rich or poor, black or white, female or male- we were one because as author of Greek fables, Aesop said, â€Å"United we stand; divided we fall†. Not only did I return home with a few souvenirs a bracelet one of the children made me and a New Orleans shirt to commemorate my trip, but also a sense of unity, faith, and hope. Immediately when I arrived home I exclaimed to my mom, â€Å"I know what I want to do with the rest of my life!† I had decided I wanted to become a biomedical engineer so I could devote my life to helping people and have the opportunity to be a new sense of a â€Å"fountain of hope† for those suffering from cancer, heart disease, or incurable diseases. I wanted to give everything to someone who was on the verge of losing hope and faith ju st like David had done that summer night in New Orleans. I wanted that utopian feeling I felt that week to continue with me my entire life as I continue and forever will want to be needed.